`td.replaceEsm` does not work when specifier is resolved via loader

[JakobJingleheimer]

Description

When the specifier provided to replaceEsm() needs to be resolved by a loader, the resolution is done correctly, but testdouble is not using the resolved value, which causes the replacement to actually fail:

node --loader=testdouble --loader=alias-resolver ./main.mjs

// main.mjs

await ts.replaceEsm('…/foo.mjs', { isFake: true });
console.log('foo:', await import('…/foo.mjs')) // the original foo.mjs

Where alias-resolver replaces …/ and provides the true url.

Environment

• node -v output: 21.7.0 (and also 20.11.1)
• npm -v (or yarn --version) output: 10.5.0
• npm ls testdouble (or yarn list testdouble) version: 3.20.1

Failing Test

• Fork the repo
• Add a failing test (probably to the `/regression/src' directory)
• Submit a pull request for the failing test or link to your branch here

Example Repo

Reproduction: JakobJingleheimer/td-global-mock@0008fb5
"Fixed": JakobJingleheimer/td-global-mock@e5775aa

This is truly mind-bending because all the urls testdouble output are correct (ex from td.listReplacedModules()), so everything appears to be working—except that it clearly isn't.

Runkit Notebook

• Create a Runkit notebook
• Invoke var td = require('testdouble') at the top
• Verify the behavior your issue is concerned with by clicking "Run"
• Link to the Runkit here

[JakobJingleheimer]

@giltayar I think this issue may actually be related to (or even have the same cause as) #525