feat: add support for container_engine=none

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -370,3 +370,74 @@ jobs:
         CIBW_BUILD: cp314-*
         CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: 'build[uv]'
         CIBW_PLATFORM: ${{ matrix.test_select }}
+
+  test-native-linux:
+    needs: sample
+    name: Test native linux on ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    container:
+      image: quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28:latest # zizmor: ignore[unpinned-images]
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ "ubuntu-latest", "ubuntu-24.04-arm" ]
+    steps:
+    - name: Prepare container
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        exec 2>&1
+        CPYTHON_DIR="${RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE}/Python"
+        if [ -d "${CPYTHON_DIR}" ]; then
+          echo "::group::Removing existing CPython tool cache"
+          set -x
+          rm -rf "${CPYTHON_DIR}"
+          set +x
+          echo "::endgroup::"
+        fi
+        for SOURCE_DIR in /opt/_internal/cpython-*; do
+          echo "::group::Adding '${SOURCE_DIR}' to the tool cache"
+          set -x
+          VERSION_MANYLINUX=${SOURCE_DIR:23}
+          case "${VERSION_MANYLINUX}" in
+            *-nogil) ARCH="${RUNNER_ARCH,,}-freethreaded";;
+            *) ARCH="${RUNNER_ARCH,,}";;
+          esac
+          VERSION=${VERSION_MANYLINUX%%-*}
+          case "${VERSION}" in
+            *a*) VERSION=${VERSION/a/-alpha.};;
+            *b*) VERSION=${VERSION/b/-beta.};;
+            *rc*) VERSION=${VERSION/rc/-rc.};;
+          esac
+          DEST_DIR="${CPYTHON_DIR}/${VERSION}"
+          mkdir -p "${DEST_DIR}"
+          ln -s ${SOURCE_DIR} "${DEST_DIR}/${ARCH}"
+          touch "${DEST_DIR}/${ARCH}.complete"
+          set +x
+          echo "::endgroup::"
+        done
+    - uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+      with:
+        persist-credentials: false
+    - name: Download a sample project
+      uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+      with:
+        name: sample_proj
+        path: sample_proj
+    - name: Run a sample build (GitHub Action)
+      uses: ./
+      with:
+        package-dir: sample_proj
+        output-dir: wheelhouse
+      env:
+        CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE: "none"
+        CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND: 'build[uv]'
+        CIBW_SKIP: "*-musllinux*"
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: uv sync --no-dev --group test
+
+    - name: Test cibuildwheel
+      env:
+        CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE: "none"
+        CIBW_PLATFORM: "linux"
+      run: uv run --no-sync bin/run_tests.py --test-select=native

bin/generate_schema.py

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
     type: string_table_array
   container-engine:
     oneOf:
-      - enum: [docker, podman]
+      - enum: [docker, podman, none]
       - type: string
         pattern: '^docker; ?(create_args|disable_host_mount):'
       - type: string

bin/run_tests.py

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
     if (
         sys.platform.startswith("linux")
         and os.environ.get("CIBW_PLATFORM", "linux") == "linux"
+        and os.environ.get("CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE", "docker") != "none"
         and args.test_select in ["all", "native"]
     ):
         # run the docker unit tests only on Linux

cibuildwheel/oci_container.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
     "cibuildwheel.logger",
     "cibuildwheel.util",
     "cibuildwheel.util.cmd",
+    "cibuildwheel.util.file",
     "cibuildwheel.util.helpers",
     "contextlib",
     "io",
@@ -32,13 +33,13 @@
 import typing
 import uuid
 from enum import Enum
-from pathlib import PurePosixPath
 from typing import Literal, assert_never
 
 from cibuildwheel.ci import CIProvider, detect_ci_provider
 from cibuildwheel.errors import OCIEngineTooOldError
 from cibuildwheel.logger import log
 from cibuildwheel.util.cmd import call
+from cibuildwheel.util.file import RemotePath, RemotePosixPath
 from cibuildwheel.util.helpers import FlexibleVersion, parse_key_value_string, strtobool
 
 TYPE_CHECKING = False
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@
     from types import TracebackType
     from typing import IO, Self
 
-    from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr
+    from cibuildwheel.typing import PathOrStr, PathT
 
 ContainerEngineName = Literal["docker", "podman"]
 
@@ -94,13 +95,15 @@ class OCIContainerEngineConfig:
     disable_host_mount: bool = False
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self:
+    def from_config_string(cls, config_string: str) -> Self | None:
         config_dict = parse_key_value_string(
             config_string,
             ["name"],
             ["create_args", "create-args", "disable_host_mount", "disable-host-mount"],
         )
         name = " ".join(config_dict["name"])
+        if name == "none":
+            return None
         if name not in {"docker", "podman"}:
             msg = f"unknown container engine {name}"
             raise ValueError(msg)
@@ -208,6 +211,8 @@ class OCIContainer:
         >>> from cibuildwheel.oci_container import *  # NOQA
         >>> from cibuildwheel.options import _get_pinned_container_images
         >>> import pytest
+        >>> if os.environ.get("CIBW_CONTAINER_ENGINE", "docker") == "none":
+        ...     pytest.skip('needs a container engine')
         >>> try:
         ...     oci_platform = OCIPlatform.native()
         ... except OSError as ex:
@@ -439,7 +444,8 @@ def _remove_container(self) -> None:
             log.warning(msg)
         self.name = None
 
-    def copy_into(self, from_path: Path, to_path: PurePath) -> None:
+    def copy_into(self, from_path: Path, to_path: RemotePath) -> None:
+        assert isinstance(to_path, RemotePosixPath)
         if from_path.is_dir():
             self.call(["mkdir", "-p", to_path])
             subprocess.run(
@@ -475,12 +481,15 @@ def copy_into(self, from_path: Path, to_path: PurePath) -> None:
                         exec_process.returncode, exec_process.args, None, None
                     )
 
-    def copy_out(self, from_path: PurePath, to_path: Path) -> None:
+    def copy_out(self, from_path: RemotePath, to_path: Path) -> None:
         # note: we assume from_path is a dir
+        assert isinstance(from_path, RemotePosixPath)
         to_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
         call(self.engine.name, "cp", f"{self.name}:{from_path}/.", to_path)
 
-    def glob(self, path: PurePosixPath, pattern: str) -> list[PurePosixPath]:
+    def glob(self, path: PathT, pattern: str) -> list[PathT]:
+        assert isinstance(path, RemotePosixPath)
+        result_type = type(path)
         glob_pattern = path.joinpath(pattern)
 
         path_strings = json.loads(
@@ -494,7 +503,7 @@ def glob(self, path: PurePosixPath, pattern: str) -> list[PurePosixPath]:
             )
         )
 
-        return [PurePosixPath(p) for p in path_strings]
+        return [result_type(p) for p in path_strings]
 
     def call(
         self,

cibuildwheel/options.py

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class BuildOptions:
     build_verbosity: int
     build_frontend: BuildFrontendConfig
     config_settings: str
-    container_engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig
+    container_engine: OCIContainerEngineConfig | None
     pyodide_version: str | None
 
     @property