`A4-7-1`: Identify guards for shift operations

[lcartey]

Affected rules

• A4-7-1

Description

The IntegerExpressionLeadToDataLoss.ql query does not detect/identify guards for shift operations.

We already implement appropriate guards in the C rule INT34-C, and we should consider combining the implementations.

Example

std::size_t pow2(std::size_t i) {
  if (i < (sizeof(std::size_t) * CHAR_BIT)) {
     constexpr std::size_t one{1};
     return one << i; // COMPLIANT
  }
}