Upgrade all Java dependency versions to latest stable releases

[Copilot]

Bumps all dependency and plugin versions to latest stable releases. Fixes a latent test bug exposed by the Mockito upgrade.

Dependencies

• Spring Boot 4.0.2 → 4.0.3, Spring Framework 7.0.4 → 7.0.5
• Jackson 2.20.1 → 2.21.1, Kafka 4.1.1 → 4.2.0, Confluent 8.1.1 → 8.2.0
• Protobuf 4.33.5 → 4.34.0, Netty 4.2.7 → 4.2.10, Logback 1.5.25 → 1.5.32
• Mockito 5.20.0 → 5.23.0, TestNG 7.11.0 → 7.12.0, Joda-Time 2.14.0 → 2.14.1
• Fabric8 7.5.2 → 7.6.1, Operator SDK 5.2.2 → 5.2.3, checker-qual 3.53.1 → 3.54.0

Plugins

• surefire 3.5.5, dependency 3.10.0, shade 3.6.2, buildnumber 3.3.0, native 0.11.5, crd-generator 7.6.1

Intentionally unchanged

• RocksDB 10.2.1 — newer versions removed native libraries
• SLF4J 2.0.17 — only alpha available
• Micrometer 1.16.2 — only milestone available

Test fix

KafkaTopicSchemaStorageTest.testSaveSchemaFailure was mocking the wrong Producer.send() overload (1-arg instead of 2-arg with Callback). The test passed before because the unstubbed 2-arg call returned null, causing an NPE that was caught and wrapped as SchemaException. Mockito 5.23.0 changed default return behavior, exposing the bug.

// Before: mocked wrong overload
when(producer.send(any(ProducerRecord.class))).thenReturn(future);

// After: mocks the overload actually called by KafkaSender.send()
when(producer.send(any(ProducerRecord.class), any(Callback.class))).thenReturn(future);

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