[Java] Remove Java 11 support

[danepitkin]

Describe the enhancement requested

Support Java 17 as the minimum version.

Post-upgrade tasks:

• Bump ORC (MINOR: [Java] Bump org.apache.orc:orc-core from 1.9.2 to 2.0.0 in /java arrow#40779)
• Bump Derby (MINOR: [Java] Bump org.apache.derby:derby from 10.14.2.0 to 10.17.1.0 in /java arrow#39281) (v10.16.X supports Java 17)
• Bump ErrorProne (MINOR: [Java] Bump error_prone_core.version from 2.31.0 to 2.32.0 in /java arrow#44103) (v2.32.0+ supports Java 17)

Component(s)

Java