cares_wrap.cc

// Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit
// persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
// following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
// in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
// OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
// NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
// USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

#include "cares_wrap.h"
#include "ada.h"
#include "async_wrap-inl.h"
#include "base_object-inl.h"
#include "env-inl.h"
#include "memory_tracker-inl.h"
#include "nbytes.h"
#include "node.h"
#include "node_errors.h"
#include "node_external_reference.h"
#include "req_wrap-inl.h"
#include "util-inl.h"
#include "uv.h"
#include "v8.h"

#include <cerrno>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#ifndef T_TLSA
#define T_TLSA 52 /* TLSA certificate association */
#endif

#ifndef T_CAA
# define T_CAA    257 /* Certification Authority Authorization */
#endif

// OpenBSD does not define these
#ifndef AI_ALL
# define AI_ALL 0
#endif
#ifndef AI_V4MAPPED
# define AI_V4MAPPED 0
#endif


namespace node {
namespace cares_wrap {

using v8::Array;
using v8::ArrayBuffer;
using v8::Context;
using v8::DictionaryTemplate;
using v8::EscapableHandleScope;
using v8::Exception;
using v8::FunctionCallbackInfo;
using v8::FunctionTemplate;
using v8::HandleScope;
using v8::Int32;
using v8::Integer;
using v8::Isolate;
using v8::Just;
using v8::JustVoid;
using v8::Local;
using v8::LocalVector;
using v8::Maybe;
using v8::MaybeLocal;
using v8::Nothing;
using v8::Null;
using v8::Object;
using v8::String;
using v8::Uint32;
using v8::Undefined;
using v8::Value;

namespace {

Mutex ares_library_mutex;

inline uint16_t cares_get_16bit(const unsigned char* p) {
  return static_cast<uint32_t>(p[0] << 8U) | (static_cast<uint32_t>(p[1]));
}

void ares_poll_cb(uv_poll_t* watcher, int status, int events) {
  NodeAresTask* task = ContainerOf(&NodeAresTask::poll_watcher, watcher);
  ChannelWrap* channel = task->channel;

  /* Reset the idle timer */
  uv_timer_again(channel->timer_handle());

  if (status < 0) {
    /* An error happened. Just pretend that the socket is both readable and */
    /* writable. */
    ares_process_fd(channel->cares_channel(), task->sock, task->sock);
    return;
  }

  /* Process DNS responses */
  ares_process_fd(channel->cares_channel(),
                  events & UV_READABLE ? task->sock : ARES_SOCKET_BAD,
                  events & UV_WRITABLE ? task->sock : ARES_SOCKET_BAD);
}


void ares_poll_close_cb(uv_poll_t* watcher) {
  std::unique_ptr<NodeAresTask> free_me(
        ContainerOf(&NodeAresTask::poll_watcher, watcher));
}


/* Callback from ares when socket operation is started */
void ares_sockstate_cb(void* data, ares_socket_t sock, int read, int write) {
  ChannelWrap* channel = static_cast<ChannelWrap*>(data);
  NodeAresTask* task;

  NodeAresTask lookup_task;
  lookup_task.sock = sock;
  auto it = channel->task_list()->find(&lookup_task);

  task = (it == channel->task_list()->end()) ? nullptr : *it;

  if (read || write) {
    if (!task) {
      /* New socket */
      channel->StartTimer();

      task = NodeAresTask::Create(channel, sock);
      if (task == nullptr) {
        /* This should never happen unless we're out of memory or something */
        /* is seriously wrong. The socket won't be polled, but the query will */
        /* eventually time out. */
        return;
      }

      channel->task_list()->insert(task);
    }

    /* This should never fail. If it fails anyway, the query will eventually */
    /* time out. */
    uv_poll_start(&task->poll_watcher,
                  (read ? UV_READABLE : 0) | (write ? UV_WRITABLE : 0),
                  ares_poll_cb);

  } else {
    if (task != nullptr) {
      channel->task_list()->erase(it);
      channel->env()->CloseHandle(&task->poll_watcher, ares_poll_close_cb);
    }

    if (channel->task_list()->empty()) {
      channel->CloseTimer();
    }
  }
}

MaybeLocal<Array> HostentToNames(Environment* env, struct hostent* host) {
  EscapableHandleScope scope(env->isolate());

  LocalVector<Value> names(env->isolate());

  for (uint32_t i = 0; host->h_aliases[i] != nullptr; ++i) {
    names.emplace_back(OneByteString(env->isolate(), host->h_aliases[i]));
  }

  return scope.Escape(Array::New(env->isolate(), names.data(), names.size()));
}

template <typename T>
Local<Array> AddrTTLToArray(
    Environment* env,
    const T* addrttls,
    size_t naddrttls) {
  MaybeStackBuffer<Local<Value>, 8> ttls(naddrttls);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < naddrttls; i++) {
    ttls[i] = Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), addrttls[i].ttl);
  }

  return Array::New(env->isolate(), ttls.out(), naddrttls);
}

// Parse the CSV produced by ares_get_servers_csv() back into (ip, port)
// pairs. Each entry is "ipv4:port" or "[ipv6]:port"; entries whose UDP and
// TCP ports differ are emitted in the "dns://host:port?tcpport=..." URI form.
// A trailing "%interface" is ignored.
std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> ParseServersCsv(const char* csv) {
  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> servers;
  if (csv == nullptr) return servers;

  std::string_view all(csv);
  size_t pos = 0;
  while (pos <= all.size()) {
    size_t comma = all.find(',', pos);
    std::string_view entry = all.substr(
        pos,
        comma == std::string_view::npos ? std::string_view::npos : comma - pos);
    pos = comma == std::string_view::npos ? all.size() + 1 : comma + 1;

    // Drop a URI scheme prefix (only present when udp/tcp ports differ),
    // a URI query string, and/or a trailing interface name.
    size_t scheme = entry.find("://");
    if (scheme != std::string_view::npos) entry = entry.substr(scheme + 3);
    size_t query = entry.find('?');
    if (query != std::string_view::npos) entry = entry.substr(0, query);
    size_t iface = entry.find('%');
    if (iface != std::string_view::npos) entry = entry.substr(0, iface);
    if (entry.empty()) continue;

    std::string host;
    int port = 53;
    std::string_view port_str;
    if (entry.front() == '[') {
      size_t close = entry.find(']');
      if (close == std::string_view::npos) continue;
      host = std::string(entry.substr(1, close - 1));
      size_t colon = entry.find(':', close);
      if (colon != std::string_view::npos) port_str = entry.substr(colon + 1);
    } else {
      size_t colon = entry.rfind(':');
      if (colon != std::string_view::npos) {
        host = std::string(entry.substr(0, colon));
        port_str = entry.substr(colon + 1);
      } else {
        host = std::string(entry);
      }
    }
    if (!port_str.empty()) {
      std::string s(port_str);
      port = static_cast<int>(strtol(s.c_str(), nullptr, 10));
    }
    servers.emplace_back(std::move(host), port);
  }
  return servers;
}

Maybe<int> ParseGeneralReply(Environment* env,
                             const unsigned char* buf,
                             int len,
                             int* type,
                             Local<Array> ret,
                             void* addrttls = nullptr,
                             int* naddrttls = nullptr) {
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());

  ares_dns_record_t* dnsrec = nullptr;
  int status = ares_dns_parse(buf, len, 0, &dnsrec);
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    ares_dns_record_destroy(dnsrec);
    return Just<int>(status);
  }
  DeleteFnPtr<ares_dns_record_t, ares_dns_record_destroy> free_me(dnsrec);

  const size_t rr_count = ares_dns_record_rr_cnt(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER);

  /* If it's `CNAME_OR_A`, a response that carries a CNAME record is reported
   * as a CNAME; otherwise it is reported as an A record. */
  if (*type == ns_t_cname_or_a) {
    bool has_cname = false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
      const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
          ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);
      if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) == ARES_REC_TYPE_CNAME) {
        has_cname = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    *type = has_cname ? ns_t_cname : ns_t_a;
  }

  const uint32_t offset = ret->Length();
  uint32_t count = 0;

  auto append_name = [&](ares_dns_rec_type_t rec_type,
                         ares_dns_rr_key_t key) -> Maybe<bool> {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
      const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
          ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);
      if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) != rec_type) continue;
      const char* name = ares_dns_rr_get_str(rr, key);
      if (name == nullptr) continue;
      if (ret->Set(env->context(),
                   offset + count++,
                   OneByteString(env->isolate(), name))
              .IsNothing()) {
        return Nothing<bool>();
      }
    }
    return Just(true);
  };

  switch (*type) {
    case ns_t_cname:
      // A cname lookup always returns a single record in practice but we
      // follow the common API here and return every CNAME target.
      if (append_name(ARES_REC_TYPE_CNAME, ARES_RR_CNAME_CNAME).IsNothing()) {
        return Nothing<int>();
      }
      break;
    case ns_t_ns:
      if (append_name(ARES_REC_TYPE_NS, ARES_RR_NS_NSDNAME).IsNothing()) {
        return Nothing<int>();
      }
      break;
    case ns_t_ptr:
      if (append_name(ARES_REC_TYPE_PTR, ARES_RR_PTR_DNAME).IsNothing()) {
        return Nothing<int>();
      }
      break;
    case ns_t_a: {
      auto* ttls = static_cast<ares_addrttl*>(addrttls);
      const int max = naddrttls != nullptr ? *naddrttls : 0;
      char ip[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
      for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
        const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
            ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);
        if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) != ARES_REC_TYPE_A) continue;
        if (ttls != nullptr && static_cast<int>(count) >= max) break;
        const struct in_addr* addr = ares_dns_rr_get_addr(rr, ARES_RR_A_ADDR);
        if (addr == nullptr) continue;
        uv_inet_ntop(AF_INET, addr, ip, sizeof(ip));
        if (ttls != nullptr) {
          ttls[count].ipaddr = *addr;
          ttls[count].ttl = ares_dns_rr_get_ttl(rr);
        }
        if (ret->Set(env->context(),
                     offset + count++,
                     OneByteString(env->isolate(), ip))
                .IsNothing()) {
          return Nothing<int>();
        }
      }
      if (naddrttls != nullptr) *naddrttls = count;
      break;
    }
    case ns_t_aaaa: {
      auto* ttls = static_cast<ares_addr6ttl*>(addrttls);
      const int max = naddrttls != nullptr ? *naddrttls : 0;
      char ip[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
      for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
        const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
            ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);
        if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) != ARES_REC_TYPE_AAAA) continue;
        if (ttls != nullptr && static_cast<int>(count) >= max) break;
        const struct ares_in6_addr* addr =
            ares_dns_rr_get_addr6(rr, ARES_RR_AAAA_ADDR);
        if (addr == nullptr) continue;
        uv_inet_ntop(AF_INET6, addr, ip, sizeof(ip));
        if (ttls != nullptr) {
          ttls[count].ip6addr = *addr;
          ttls[count].ttl = ares_dns_rr_get_ttl(rr);
        }
        if (ret->Set(env->context(),
                     offset + count++,
                     OneByteString(env->isolate(), ip))
                .IsNothing()) {
          return Nothing<int>();
        }
      }
      if (naddrttls != nullptr) *naddrttls = count;
      break;
    }
    default:
      UNREACHABLE("Bad NS type");
  }

  // Preserve the behavior of the previous ares_parse_*_reply() helpers, which
  // reported an empty answer section as ARES_ENODATA.
  if (count == 0) return Just<int>(ARES_ENODATA);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> ParseMxReply(Environment* env,
                        const unsigned char* buf,
                        int len,
                        Local<Array> ret,
                        bool need_type = false) {
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());

  auto tmpl = env->mx_record_template();
  if (tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
    static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
        "exchange",
        "priority",
        "type",
    };
    tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
    env->set_mx_record_template(tmpl);
  }

  ares_dns_record_t* dnsrec = nullptr;
  int status = ares_dns_parse(buf, len, 0, &dnsrec);
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    ares_dns_record_destroy(dnsrec);
    return Just<int>(status);
  }
  DeleteFnPtr<ares_dns_record_t, ares_dns_record_destroy> free_me(dnsrec);

  const size_t rr_count = ares_dns_record_rr_cnt(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER);
  uint32_t offset = ret->Length();
  uint32_t count = 0;

  MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // exchange
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // priority
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
  };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
    const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
        ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);
    if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) != ARES_REC_TYPE_MX) continue;

    const char* exchange = ares_dns_rr_get_str(rr, ARES_RR_MX_EXCHANGE);
    unsigned short priority =  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
        ares_dns_rr_get_u16(rr, ARES_RR_MX_PREFERENCE);
    values[0] = OneByteString(env->isolate(), exchange);
    values[1] = Integer::New(env->isolate(), priority);
    values[2] = env->dns_mx_string();
    Local<Value> record;
    if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values).ToLocal(&record) ||
        ret->Set(env->context(), offset + count++, record).IsNothing()) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
  }

  if (count == 0) return Just<int>(ARES_ENODATA);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> ParseCaaReply(Environment* env,
                         const unsigned char* buf,
                         int len,
                         Local<Array> ret,
                         bool need_type = false) {
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());

  auto tmpl = env->caa_record_template();
  if (tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
    static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
        "critical",
        "type",
    };
    tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
    env->set_caa_record_template(tmpl);
  }

  ares_dns_record_t* dnsrec = nullptr;
  int status = ares_dns_parse(buf, len, 0, &dnsrec);
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    ares_dns_record_destroy(dnsrec);
    return Just<int>(status);
  }
  DeleteFnPtr<ares_dns_record_t, ares_dns_record_destroy> free_me(dnsrec);

  MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // critical
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
  };

  const size_t rr_count = ares_dns_record_rr_cnt(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER);
  uint32_t offset = ret->Length();
  uint32_t count = 0;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
    const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
        ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);
    if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) != ARES_REC_TYPE_CAA) continue;

    unsigned char critical = ares_dns_rr_get_u8(rr, ARES_RR_CAA_CRITICAL);
    values[0] = Integer::New(env->isolate(), critical);
    values[1] = env->dns_caa_string();
    Local<Object> caa_record;
    if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values)
             .ToLocal(&caa_record)) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }

    const char* tag = ares_dns_rr_get_str(rr, ARES_RR_CAA_TAG);
    size_t value_len = 0;
    const unsigned char* value =
        ares_dns_rr_get_bin(rr, ARES_RR_CAA_VALUE, &value_len);

    // This additional property is not part of the template as it is
    // variable based on the record.
    if (caa_record
            ->Set(env->context(),
                  OneByteString(env->isolate(), tag),
                  OneByteString(env->isolate(), value, value_len))
            .IsNothing()) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }

    if (ret->Set(env->context(), offset + count++, caa_record).IsNothing()) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
  }

  if (count == 0) return Just<int>(ARES_ENODATA);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> ParseTlsaReply(Environment* env,
                          unsigned char* buf,
                          int len,
                          Local<Array> ret) {
  EscapableHandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());

  auto tmpl = env->tlsa_record_template();
  if (tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
    static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
        "certUsage",
        "selector",
        "match",
        "data",
    };
    tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
    env->set_tlsa_record_template(tmpl);
  }

  ares_dns_record_t* dnsrec = nullptr;

  int status = ares_dns_parse(buf, len, 0, &dnsrec);
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    ares_dns_record_destroy(dnsrec);
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  DeleteFnPtr<ares_dns_record_t, ares_dns_record_destroy> free_me(dnsrec);

  uint32_t offset = ret->Length();
  size_t rr_count = ares_dns_record_rr_cnt(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER);

  MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // certUsage
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // selector
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // match
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // data
  };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
    const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
        ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);

    if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) != ARES_REC_TYPE_TLSA) continue;

    unsigned char certusage = ares_dns_rr_get_u8(rr, ARES_RR_TLSA_CERT_USAGE);
    unsigned char selector = ares_dns_rr_get_u8(rr, ARES_RR_TLSA_SELECTOR);
    unsigned char match = ares_dns_rr_get_u8(rr, ARES_RR_TLSA_MATCH);
    size_t data_len;
    const unsigned char* data =
        ares_dns_rr_get_bin(rr, ARES_RR_TLSA_DATA, &data_len);
    if (!data || data_len == 0) continue;

    Local<ArrayBuffer> data_ab = ArrayBuffer::New(env->isolate(), data_len);
    memcpy(data_ab->Data(), data, data_len);

    values[0] = Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), certusage);
    values[1] = Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), selector);
    values[2] = Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), match);
    values[3] = data_ab;

    Local<Object> tlsa_rec;
    if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values)
             .ToLocal(&tlsa_rec) ||
        ret->Set(env->context(), offset + i, tlsa_rec).IsNothing()) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
  }

  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> ParseTxtReply(Environment* env,
                         const unsigned char* buf,
                         int len,
                         Local<Array> ret,
                         bool need_type = false) {
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());

  auto tmpl = env->txt_record_template();
  if (tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
    static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
        "entries",
        "type",
    };
    tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
    env->set_txt_record_template(tmpl);
  }

  ares_dns_record_t* dnsrec = nullptr;
  int status = ares_dns_parse(buf, len, 0, &dnsrec);
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    ares_dns_record_destroy(dnsrec);
    return Just<int>(status);
  }
  DeleteFnPtr<ares_dns_record_t, ares_dns_record_destroy> free_me(dnsrec);

  const size_t rr_count = ares_dns_record_rr_cnt(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER);
  uint32_t offset = ret->Length();
  uint32_t count = 0;

  MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // entries
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
  };

  for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
    const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
        ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);
    if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) != ARES_REC_TYPE_TXT) continue;

    // Each TXT record is a chunk consisting of one or more character-strings.
    LocalVector<Value> chunks(env->isolate());
    size_t str_count = ares_dns_rr_get_abin_cnt(rr, ARES_RR_TXT_DATA);
    for (size_t j = 0; j < str_count; j++) {
      size_t str_len = 0;
      const unsigned char* str =
          ares_dns_rr_get_abin(rr, ARES_RR_TXT_DATA, j, &str_len);
      chunks.push_back(OneByteString(env->isolate(), str, str_len));
    }

    Local<Array> txt_chunk =
        Array::New(env->isolate(), chunks.data(), chunks.size());
    if (need_type) {
      values[0] = txt_chunk;
      values[1] = env->dns_txt_string();
      Local<Object> elem;
      if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values).ToLocal(&elem) ||
          ret->Set(env->context(), offset + count++, elem).IsNothing()) {
        return Nothing<int>();
      }
    } else if (ret->Set(env->context(), offset + count++, txt_chunk)
                   .IsNothing()) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
  }

  if (count == 0) return Just<int>(ARES_ENODATA);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> ParseSrvReply(Environment* env,
                         const unsigned char* buf,
                         int len,
                         Local<Array> ret,
                         bool need_type = false) {
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());

  auto tmpl = env->srv_record_template();
  if (tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
    static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
        "name",
        "port",
        "priority",
        "weight",
        "type",
    };
    tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
    env->set_srv_record_template(tmpl);
  }

  ares_dns_record_t* dnsrec = nullptr;
  int status = ares_dns_parse(buf, len, 0, &dnsrec);
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    ares_dns_record_destroy(dnsrec);
    return Just<int>(status);
  }
  DeleteFnPtr<ares_dns_record_t, ares_dns_record_destroy> free_me(dnsrec);

  MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // name
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // port
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // priority
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // weight
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
  };

  const size_t rr_count = ares_dns_record_rr_cnt(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER);
  uint32_t offset = ret->Length();
  uint32_t count = 0;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
    const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
        ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);
    if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) != ARES_REC_TYPE_SRV) continue;

    const char* target = ares_dns_rr_get_str(rr, ARES_RR_SRV_TARGET);
    values[0] = OneByteString(env->isolate(), target);
    values[1] =
        Integer::New(env->isolate(), ares_dns_rr_get_u16(rr, ARES_RR_SRV_PORT));
    values[2] = Integer::New(env->isolate(),
                             ares_dns_rr_get_u16(rr, ARES_RR_SRV_PRIORITY));
    values[3] = Integer::New(env->isolate(),
                             ares_dns_rr_get_u16(rr, ARES_RR_SRV_WEIGHT));
    values[4] = env->dns_srv_string();

    Local<Object> srv_record;
    if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values)
             .ToLocal(&srv_record) ||
        ret->Set(env->context(), offset + count++, srv_record).IsNothing()) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
  }

  if (count == 0) return Just<int>(ARES_ENODATA);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> ParseNaptrReply(Environment* env,
                           const unsigned char* buf,
                           int len,
                           Local<Array> ret,
                           bool need_type = false) {
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());

  auto tmpl = env->naptr_record_template();
  if (tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
    static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
        "flags",
        "service",
        "regexp",
        "replacement",
        "order",
        "preference",
        "type",
    };
    tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
    env->set_naptr_record_template(tmpl);
  }

  ares_dns_record_t* dnsrec = nullptr;
  int status = ares_dns_parse(buf, len, 0, &dnsrec);
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    ares_dns_record_destroy(dnsrec);
    return Just<int>(status);
  }
  DeleteFnPtr<ares_dns_record_t, ares_dns_record_destroy> free_me(dnsrec);

  MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // flags
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // service
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // regexp
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // replacement
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // order
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // preference
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
  };

  const size_t rr_count = ares_dns_record_rr_cnt(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER);
  uint32_t offset = ret->Length();
  uint32_t count = 0;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
    const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
        ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);
    if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) != ARES_REC_TYPE_NAPTR) continue;

    values[0] = OneByteString(env->isolate(),
                              ares_dns_rr_get_str(rr, ARES_RR_NAPTR_FLAGS));
    values[1] = OneByteString(env->isolate(),
                              ares_dns_rr_get_str(rr, ARES_RR_NAPTR_SERVICES));
    values[2] = OneByteString(env->isolate(),
                              ares_dns_rr_get_str(rr, ARES_RR_NAPTR_REGEXP));
    values[3] = OneByteString(
        env->isolate(), ares_dns_rr_get_str(rr, ARES_RR_NAPTR_REPLACEMENT));
    values[4] = Integer::New(env->isolate(),
                             ares_dns_rr_get_u16(rr, ARES_RR_NAPTR_ORDER));
    values[5] = Integer::New(env->isolate(),
                             ares_dns_rr_get_u16(rr, ARES_RR_NAPTR_PREFERENCE));
    if (need_type) {
      values[6] = env->dns_naptr_string();
    }

    Local<Object> naptr_record;
    if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values)
             .ToLocal(&naptr_record) ||
        ret->Set(env->context(), offset + count++, naptr_record).IsNothing()) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
  }

  if (count == 0) return Just<int>(ARES_ENODATA);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Local<DictionaryTemplate> getSoaRecordTemplate(Environment* env) {
  auto tmpl = env->soa_record_template();
  if (tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
    static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
        "nsname",
        "hostmaster",
        "serial",
        "refresh",
        "retry",
        "expire",
        "minttl",
        "type",
    };
    tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
    env->set_soa_record_template(tmpl);
  }
  return tmpl;
}

Maybe<int> ParseSoaReply(Environment* env,
                         unsigned char* buf,
                         int len,
                         Local<Object>* ret) {
  EscapableHandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());

  auto tmpl = getSoaRecordTemplate(env);

  // Manage memory using standardard smart pointer std::unique_tr
  struct AresDeleter {
    void operator()(char* ptr) const noexcept { ares_free_string(ptr); }
  };
  using ares_unique_ptr = std::unique_ptr<char[], AresDeleter>;

  // Can't use ares_parse_soa_reply() here which can only parse single record
  const unsigned int ancount = cares_get_16bit(buf + 6);
  unsigned char* ptr = buf + NS_HFIXEDSZ;
  char* name_temp = nullptr;
  long temp_len;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
  int status = ares_expand_name(ptr, buf, len, &name_temp, &temp_len);
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    // returns EBADRESP in case of invalid input
    return Just<int>(status == ARES_EBADNAME ? ARES_EBADRESP : status);
  }

  const ares_unique_ptr name(name_temp);

  if (ptr + temp_len + NS_QFIXEDSZ > buf + len) {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }
  ptr += temp_len + NS_QFIXEDSZ;

  MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // nsname
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // hostmaster
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // serial
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // refresh
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // retry
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // expire
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // minttl
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
  };

  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ancount; i++) {
    char* rr_name_temp = nullptr;
    long rr_temp_len;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
    int status2 = ares_expand_name(ptr, buf, len, &rr_name_temp, &rr_temp_len);

    if (status2 != ARES_SUCCESS)
      return Just<int>(status2 == ARES_EBADNAME ? ARES_EBADRESP : status2);

    const ares_unique_ptr rr_name(rr_name_temp);

    ptr += rr_temp_len;
    if (ptr + NS_RRFIXEDSZ > buf + len) {
      return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
    }

    const int rr_type = cares_get_16bit(ptr);
    const int rr_len = cares_get_16bit(ptr + 8);
    ptr += NS_RRFIXEDSZ;

    // only need SOA
    if (rr_type == ns_t_soa) {
      char* nsname_temp = nullptr;
      long nsname_temp_len;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)

      int status3 = ares_expand_name(ptr, buf, len,
                                     &nsname_temp,
                                     &nsname_temp_len);
      if (status3 != ARES_SUCCESS) {
        return Just<int>(status3 == ARES_EBADNAME ? ARES_EBADRESP : status3);
      }
      const ares_unique_ptr nsname(nsname_temp);
      ptr += nsname_temp_len;

      char* hostmaster_temp = nullptr;
      long hostmaster_temp_len;  // NOLINT(runtime/int)
      int status4 = ares_expand_name(ptr, buf, len,
                                     &hostmaster_temp,
                                     &hostmaster_temp_len);
      if (status4 != ARES_SUCCESS) {
        return Just<int>(status4 == ARES_EBADNAME ? ARES_EBADRESP : status4);
      }
      const ares_unique_ptr hostmaster(hostmaster_temp);
      ptr += hostmaster_temp_len;

      if (ptr + 5 * 4 > buf + len) {
        return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
      }

      const unsigned int serial = nbytes::ReadUint32BE(ptr + 0 * 4);
      const unsigned int refresh = nbytes::ReadUint32BE(ptr + 1 * 4);
      const unsigned int retry = nbytes::ReadUint32BE(ptr + 2 * 4);
      const unsigned int expire = nbytes::ReadUint32BE(ptr + 3 * 4);
      const unsigned int minttl = nbytes::ReadUint32BE(ptr + 4 * 4);

      values[0] = OneByteString(env->isolate(), nsname.get());
      values[1] = OneByteString(env->isolate(), hostmaster.get());
      values[2] = Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), serial);
      values[3] = Integer::New(env->isolate(), refresh);
      values[4] = Integer::New(env->isolate(), retry);
      values[5] = Integer::New(env->isolate(), expire);
      values[6] = Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), minttl);
      values[7] = env->dns_soa_string();
      Local<Object> soa_record;
      if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values)
               .ToLocal(&soa_record)) {
        return Nothing<int>();
      }

      *ret = handle_scope.Escape(soa_record);
      break;
    }

    ptr += rr_len;
  }

  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}
}  // anonymous namespace

ChannelWrap::ChannelWrap(Environment* env,
                         Local<Object> object,
                         int timeout,
                         int tries,
                         int max_timeout)
    : AsyncWrap(env, object, PROVIDER_DNSCHANNEL),
      timeout_(timeout),
      tries_(tries),
      max_timeout_(max_timeout) {
  MakeWeak();

  Setup();
}

void ChannelWrap::MemoryInfo(MemoryTracker* tracker) const {
  if (timer_handle_ != nullptr)
    tracker->TrackField("timer_handle", *timer_handle_);
  tracker->TrackField("task_list", task_list_, "NodeAresTask::List");
}

void ChannelWrap::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  CHECK(args.IsConstructCall());
  CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 3);
  CHECK(args[0]->IsInt32());
  CHECK(args[1]->IsInt32());
  CHECK(args[2]->IsInt32());
  const int timeout = args[0].As<Int32>()->Value();
  const int tries = args[1].As<Int32>()->Value();
  const int max_timeout = args[2].As<Int32>()->Value();
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  new ChannelWrap(env, args.This(), timeout, tries, max_timeout);
}

GetAddrInfoReqWrap::GetAddrInfoReqWrap(Environment* env,
                                       Local<Object> req_wrap_obj,
                                       uint8_t order)
    : ReqWrap(env, req_wrap_obj, AsyncWrap::PROVIDER_GETADDRINFOREQWRAP),
      order_(order) {}

GetNameInfoReqWrap::GetNameInfoReqWrap(
    Environment* env,
    Local<Object> req_wrap_obj)
    : ReqWrap(env, req_wrap_obj, AsyncWrap::PROVIDER_GETNAMEINFOREQWRAP) {}

/* This is called once per second by loop->timer. It is used to constantly */
/* call back into c-ares for possibly processing timeouts. */
void ChannelWrap::AresTimeout(uv_timer_t* handle) {
  ChannelWrap* channel = static_cast<ChannelWrap*>(handle->data);
  CHECK_EQ(channel->timer_handle(), handle);
  ares_process_fd(channel->cares_channel(), ARES_SOCKET_BAD, ARES_SOCKET_BAD);
}


void NodeAresTask::MemoryInfo(MemoryTracker* tracker) const {
  tracker->TrackField("channel", channel);
}

/* Allocates and returns a new NodeAresTask */
NodeAresTask* NodeAresTask::Create(ChannelWrap* channel, ares_socket_t sock) {
  auto task = new NodeAresTask();

  task->channel = channel;
  task->sock = sock;

  if (uv_poll_init_socket(channel->env()->event_loop(),
                          &task->poll_watcher, sock) < 0) {
    /* This should never happen. */
    delete task;
    return nullptr;
  }

  return task;
}

void ChannelWrap::Setup() {
  struct ares_options options;
  memset(&options, 0, sizeof(options));
  options.flags = ARES_FLAG_NOCHECKRESP;
  options.sock_state_cb = ares_sockstate_cb;
  options.sock_state_cb_data = this;
  options.timeout = timeout_;
  options.tries = tries_;
  options.qcache_max_ttl = 0;
  // Resolver APIs always perform DNS queries and must not consult hosts files.
  options.lookups = const_cast<char*>("b");

  int r;
  if (!library_inited_) {
    Mutex::ScopedLock lock(ares_library_mutex);
    // Multiple calls to ares_library_init() increase a reference counter,
    // so this is a no-op except for the first call to it.
    r = ares_library_init(ARES_LIB_INIT_ALL);
    if (r != ARES_SUCCESS)
      return env()->ThrowError(ToErrorCodeString(r));
  }

  /* We do the call to ares_init_option for caller. */
  int optmask = ARES_OPT_FLAGS | ARES_OPT_TIMEOUTMS | ARES_OPT_SOCK_STATE_CB |
                ARES_OPT_TRIES | ARES_OPT_QUERY_CACHE | ARES_OPT_LOOKUPS;

  if (max_timeout_ > 0) {
    options.maxtimeout = max_timeout_;
    optmask |= ARES_OPT_MAXTIMEOUTMS;
  }

  r = ares_init_options(&channel_, &options, optmask);

  if (r != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    Mutex::ScopedLock lock(ares_library_mutex);
    ares_library_cleanup();
    return env()->ThrowError(ToErrorCodeString(r));
  }

  library_inited_ = true;
}

void ChannelWrap::StartTimer() {
  if (timer_handle_ == nullptr) {
    timer_handle_ = new uv_timer_t();
    timer_handle_->data = static_cast<void*>(this);
    uv_timer_init(env()->event_loop(), timer_handle_);
  } else if (uv_is_active(reinterpret_cast<uv_handle_t*>(timer_handle_))) {
    return;
  }
  int timeout = timeout_;
  if (timeout <= 0 || timeout > 1000) timeout = 1000;
  uv_timer_start(timer_handle_, AresTimeout, timeout, timeout);
}

void ChannelWrap::CloseTimer() {
  if (timer_handle_ == nullptr)
    return;

  env()->CloseHandle(timer_handle_, [](uv_timer_t* handle) { delete handle; });
  timer_handle_ = nullptr;
}

ChannelWrap::~ChannelWrap() {
  ares_destroy(channel_);

  if (library_inited_) {
    Mutex::ScopedLock lock(ares_library_mutex);
    // This decreases the reference counter increased by ares_library_init().
    ares_library_cleanup();
  }

  CloseTimer();
}


void ChannelWrap::ModifyActivityQueryCount(int count) {
  active_query_count_ += count;
  CHECK_GE(active_query_count_, 0);
}


/**
 * This function is to check whether current servers are fallback servers
 * when cares initialized.
 *
 * The fallback servers of cares is [ "127.0.0.1" ] with no user additional
 * setting.
 */
void ChannelWrap::EnsureServers() {
  /* if last query is OK or servers are set by user self, do not check */
  if (query_last_ok_ || !is_servers_default_) {
    return;
  }

  char* csv = ares_get_servers_csv(channel_);
  auto cleanup = OnScopeLeave([&]() { ares_free_string(csv); });
  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> servers = ParseServersCsv(csv);

  /* if no server, ignore */
  if (servers.empty()) return;

  /* if multi-servers, mark as non-default and ignore */
  if (servers.size() > 1) {
    is_servers_default_ = false;
    return;
  }

  /* Check if the only server is a loopback address (IPv4 127.0.0.1 or IPv6
   * ::1). Newer c-ares versions may set tcp_port/udp_port to 53 instead of 0,
   * so we no longer check port values. */
  const std::string& host = servers[0].first;
  if (host != "127.0.0.1" && host != "::1") {
    is_servers_default_ = false;
    return;
  }

  /* destroy channel and reset channel */
  ares_destroy(channel_);

  CloseTimer();
  Setup();
}

int AnyTraits::Send(QueryWrap<AnyTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_ANY);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int ATraits::Send(QueryWrap<ATraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_A);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int AaaaTraits::Send(QueryWrap<AaaaTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_AAAA);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int CaaTraits::Send(QueryWrap<CaaTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_CAA);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int CnameTraits::Send(QueryWrap<CnameTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_CNAME);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int MxTraits::Send(QueryWrap<MxTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_MX);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int NsTraits::Send(QueryWrap<NsTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_NS);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int TlsaTraits::Send(QueryWrap<TlsaTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_TLSA);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int TxtTraits::Send(QueryWrap<TxtTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_TXT);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int SrvTraits::Send(QueryWrap<SrvTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_SRV);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int PtrTraits::Send(QueryWrap<PtrTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_PTR);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int NaptrTraits::Send(QueryWrap<NaptrTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_NAPTR);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

int SoaTraits::Send(QueryWrap<SoaTraits>* wrap, const char* name) {
  wrap->AresQuery(name, ARES_CLASS_IN, ARES_REC_TYPE_SOA);
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

Maybe<int> AnyTraits::Parse(QueryAnyWrap* wrap,
                            const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }

  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Array> ret = Array::New(env->isolate());
  int type, status, old_count;

  /* Parse A records or CNAME records */
  ares_addrttl addrttls[256];
  int naddrttls = arraysize(addrttls);

  type = ns_t_cname_or_a;
  if (!ParseGeneralReply(env, buf, len, &type, ret, addrttls, &naddrttls)
           .To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  uint32_t a_count = ret->Length();
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  if (type == ns_t_a) {
    CHECK_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(naddrttls), a_count);

    auto tmpl = env->a_record_template();
    if (tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
      static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
          "address",
          "ttl",
          "type",
      };
      tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
      env->set_a_record_template(tmpl);
    }
    MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
        Undefined(env->isolate()),  // address
        Undefined(env->isolate()),  // ttl
        Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
    };

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < a_count; i++) {
      Local<Value> address;
      if (!ret->Get(env->context(), i).ToLocal(&address)) {
        return Nothing<int>();
      }
      values[0] = address;
      values[1] = Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), addrttls[i].ttl);
      values[2] = env->dns_a_string();

      Local<Object> obj;
      if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values).ToLocal(&obj) ||
          ret->Set(env->context(), i, obj).IsNothing()) {
        return Nothing<int>();
      }
    }
  } else {
    auto tmpl = env->cname_record_template();
    if (tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
      static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
          "value",
          "type",
      };
      tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
      env->set_cname_record_template(tmpl);
    }
    MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
        Undefined(env->isolate()),  // value
        Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
    };
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < a_count; i++) {
      Local<Value> value;
      if (!ret->Get(env->context(), i).ToLocal(&value)) {
        return Nothing<int>();
      }
      values[0] = value;
      values[1] = env->dns_cname_string();
      Local<Object> obj;
      if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values).ToLocal(&obj) ||
          ret->Set(env->context(), i, obj).IsNothing()) {
        return Nothing<int>();
      }
    }
  }

  /* Parse AAAA records */
  ares_addr6ttl addr6ttls[256];
  int naddr6ttls = arraysize(addr6ttls);

  type = ns_t_aaaa;
  if (!ParseGeneralReply(env, buf, len, &type, ret, addr6ttls, &naddr6ttls)
           .To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  uint32_t aaaa_count = ret->Length() - a_count;
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA)
    return Just<int>(status);

  CHECK_EQ(aaaa_count, static_cast<uint32_t>(naddr6ttls));
  CHECK_EQ(ret->Length(), a_count + aaaa_count);

  auto tmpl = env->aaaa_record_template();
  if (tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
    static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
        "address",
        "ttl",
        "type",
    };
    tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
    env->set_aaaa_record_template(tmpl);
  }

  MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // address
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // ttl
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
  };

  for (uint32_t i = a_count; i < ret->Length(); i++) {
    Local<Value> address;
    if (!ret->Get(env->context(), i).ToLocal(&address)) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
    values[0] = address;
    values[1] =
        Integer::NewFromUnsigned(env->isolate(), addr6ttls[i - a_count].ttl);
    values[2] = env->dns_aaaa_string();
    Local<Object> obj;
    if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values).ToLocal(&obj) ||
        ret->Set(env->context(), i, obj).IsNothing()) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
  }

  /* Parse MX records */
  if (!ParseMxReply(env, buf, len, ret, true).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  /* Parse NS records */
  type = ns_t_ns;
  old_count = ret->Length();
  if (!ParseGeneralReply(env, buf, len, &type, ret).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  auto dns_ns_tmpl = env->dns_ns_record_template();
  if (dns_ns_tmpl.IsEmpty()) {
    static constexpr std::string_view names[] = {
        "value",
        "type",
    };
    dns_ns_tmpl = DictionaryTemplate::New(env->isolate(), names);
    env->set_dns_ns_record_template(dns_ns_tmpl);
  }

  MaybeLocal<Value> values_ns[] = {
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // value
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
  };

  for (uint32_t i = old_count; i < ret->Length(); i++) {
    Local<Value> value;
    if (!ret->Get(env->context(), i).ToLocal(&value)) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
    values_ns[0] = value;
    values_ns[1] = env->dns_ns_string();
    Local<Object> obj;
    if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), dns_ns_tmpl, values_ns)
             .ToLocal(&obj) ||
        ret->Set(env->context(), i, obj).IsNothing()) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
  }

  /* Parse TXT records */
  if (!ParseTxtReply(env, buf, len, ret, true).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  /* Parse SRV records */
  if (!ParseSrvReply(env, buf, len, ret, true).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  /* Parse PTR records */
  type = ns_t_ptr;
  old_count = ret->Length();
  if (!ParseGeneralReply(env, buf, len, &type, ret).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA)
    return Just<int>(status);

  for (uint32_t i = old_count; i < ret->Length(); i++) {
    Local<Value> value;
    if (!ret->Get(env->context(), i).ToLocal(&value)) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
    values_ns[0] = value;
    values_ns[1] = env->dns_ptr_string();
    Local<Object> obj;
    if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), dns_ns_tmpl, values_ns)
             .ToLocal(&obj) ||
        ret->Set(env->context(), i, obj).IsNothing()) {
      return Nothing<int>();
    }
  }

  /* Parse NAPTR records */
  if (!ParseNaptrReply(env, buf, len, ret, true).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  /* Parse SOA records */
  Local<Object> soa_record = Local<Object>();
  if (!ParseSoaReply(env, buf, len, &soa_record).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  if (!soa_record.IsEmpty()) {
    if (ret->Set(env->context(), ret->Length(), soa_record).IsNothing()) {
      return Just<int>(ARES_ENOMEM);
    }
  }

  /* Parse TLSA records */
  if (!ParseTlsaReply(env, buf, len, ret).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  /* Parse CAA records */
  if (!ParseCaaReply(env, buf, len, ret, true).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS && status != ARES_ENODATA) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  wrap->CallOnComplete(ret);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> ATraits::Parse(QueryAWrap* wrap,
                          const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }

  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  ares_addrttl addrttls[256];
  int naddrttls = arraysize(addrttls), status;
  Local<Array> ret = Array::New(env->isolate());

  int type = ns_t_a;
  if (!ParseGeneralReply(env, buf, len, &type, ret, addrttls, &naddrttls)
           .To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  Local<Array> ttls = AddrTTLToArray<ares_addrttl>(env, addrttls, naddrttls);

  wrap->CallOnComplete(ret, ttls);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> AaaaTraits::Parse(QueryAaaaWrap* wrap,
                             const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }

  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  ares_addr6ttl addrttls[256];
  int naddrttls = arraysize(addrttls), status;
  Local<Array> ret = Array::New(env->isolate());

  int type = ns_t_aaaa;
  if (!ParseGeneralReply(env, buf, len, &type, ret, addrttls, &naddrttls)
           .To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  Local<Array> ttls = AddrTTLToArray<ares_addr6ttl>(env, addrttls, naddrttls);

  wrap->CallOnComplete(ret, ttls);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> CaaTraits::Parse(QueryCaaWrap* wrap,
                            const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }

  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Array> ret = Array::New(env->isolate());
  int status;
  if (!ParseCaaReply(env, buf, len, ret).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  wrap->CallOnComplete(ret);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> CnameTraits::Parse(QueryCnameWrap* wrap,
                              const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }

  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Array> ret = Array::New(env->isolate());
  int type = ns_t_cname;
  int status;
  if (!ParseGeneralReply(env, buf, len, &type, ret).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  wrap->CallOnComplete(ret);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> MxTraits::Parse(QueryMxWrap* wrap,
                           const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }

  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Array> mx_records = Array::New(env->isolate());
  int status;
  if (!ParseMxReply(env, buf, len, mx_records).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }

  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  wrap->CallOnComplete(mx_records);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> NsTraits::Parse(QueryNsWrap* wrap,
                           const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }

  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  int type = ns_t_ns;
  Local<Array> names = Array::New(env->isolate());
  int status;
  if (!ParseGeneralReply(env, buf, len, &type, names).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  wrap->CallOnComplete(names);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> TlsaTraits::Parse(QueryTlsaWrap* wrap,
                             const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }

  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Array> tlsa_records = Array::New(env->isolate());
  int status;
  if (!ParseTlsaReply(env, buf, len, tlsa_records).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  wrap->CallOnComplete(tlsa_records);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> TxtTraits::Parse(QueryTxtWrap* wrap,
                            const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }

  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Array> txt_records = Array::New(env->isolate());
  int status;
  if (!ParseTxtReply(env, buf, len, txt_records).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  wrap->CallOnComplete(txt_records);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> SrvTraits::Parse(QuerySrvWrap* wrap,
                            const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }

  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Array> srv_records = Array::New(env->isolate());
  int status;
  if (!ParseSrvReply(env, buf, len, srv_records).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) return Just<int>(status);

  wrap->CallOnComplete(srv_records);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> PtrTraits::Parse(QueryPtrWrap* wrap,
                            const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }
  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  int type = ns_t_ptr;
  Local<Array> aliases = Array::New(env->isolate());

  int status;
  if (!ParseGeneralReply(env, buf, len, &type, aliases).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  wrap->CallOnComplete(aliases);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> NaptrTraits::Parse(QueryNaptrWrap* wrap,
                              const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }
  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Array> naptr_records = Array::New(env->isolate());
  int status;
  if (!ParseNaptrReply(env, buf, len, naptr_records).To(&status)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    return Just<int>(status);
  }

  wrap->CallOnComplete(naptr_records);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

Maybe<int> SoaTraits::Parse(QuerySoaWrap* wrap,
                            const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }
  unsigned char* buf = response->buf.data;
  int len = response->buf.size;

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  auto tmpl = getSoaRecordTemplate(env);
  MaybeLocal<Value> values[] = {
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // nsname
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // hostmaster
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // serial
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // refresh
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // retry
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // expire
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // minttl
      Undefined(env->isolate()),  // type
  };

  ares_dns_record_t* dnsrec = nullptr;
  int status = ares_dns_parse(buf, len, 0, &dnsrec);
  if (status != ARES_SUCCESS) {
    ares_dns_record_destroy(dnsrec);
    return Just<int>(status);
  }
  DeleteFnPtr<ares_dns_record_t, ares_dns_record_destroy> free_me(dnsrec);

  const size_t rr_count = ares_dns_record_rr_cnt(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER);
  const ares_dns_rr_t* soa = nullptr;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < rr_count; i++) {
    const ares_dns_rr_t* rr =
        ares_dns_record_rr_get(dnsrec, ARES_SECTION_ANSWER, i);
    if (ares_dns_rr_get_type(rr) == ARES_REC_TYPE_SOA) {
      soa = rr;
      break;
    }
  }

  if (soa == nullptr) return Just<int>(ARES_ENODATA);

  const char* nsname = ares_dns_rr_get_str(soa, ARES_RR_SOA_MNAME);
  const char* hostmaster = ares_dns_rr_get_str(soa, ARES_RR_SOA_RNAME);
  values[0] = OneByteString(env->isolate(), nsname);
  values[1] = OneByteString(env->isolate(), hostmaster);
  values[2] = Integer::NewFromUnsigned(
      env->isolate(), ares_dns_rr_get_u32(soa, ARES_RR_SOA_SERIAL));
  values[3] = Integer::New(env->isolate(),
                           ares_dns_rr_get_u32(soa, ARES_RR_SOA_REFRESH));
  values[4] =
      Integer::New(env->isolate(), ares_dns_rr_get_u32(soa, ARES_RR_SOA_RETRY));
  values[5] = Integer::New(env->isolate(),
                           ares_dns_rr_get_u32(soa, ARES_RR_SOA_EXPIRE));
  values[6] = Integer::NewFromUnsigned(
      env->isolate(), ares_dns_rr_get_u32(soa, ARES_RR_SOA_MINIMUM));
  Local<Object> soa_record;
  if (!NewDictionaryInstance(env->context(), tmpl, values)
           .ToLocal(&soa_record)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }

  wrap->CallOnComplete(soa_record);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

int ReverseTraits::Send(QueryReverseWrap* wrap, const char* name) {
  permission::PermissionScope scope = permission::PermissionScope::kNet;
  Environment* env_holder = wrap->env();

  if (!env_holder->permission()->is_granted(env_holder, scope, name))
      [[unlikely]] {
    wrap->QueuePermissionModelResponseCallback(name);
    // Error will be returned in the callback
    return ARES_SUCCESS;
  }

  int length, family;
  char address_buffer[sizeof(struct in6_addr)];

  if (uv_inet_pton(AF_INET, name, &address_buffer) == 0) {
    length = sizeof(struct in_addr);
    family = AF_INET;
  } else if (uv_inet_pton(AF_INET6, name, &address_buffer) == 0) {
    length = sizeof(struct in6_addr);
    family = AF_INET6;
  } else {
    return UV_EINVAL;  // So errnoException() reports a proper error.
  }

  TRACE_EVENT_NESTABLE_ASYNC_BEGIN2(
      TRACING_CATEGORY_NODE2(dns, native), "reverse", wrap,
      "name", TRACE_STR_COPY(name),
      "family", family == AF_INET ? "ipv4" : "ipv6");

  ares_gethostbyaddr(wrap->channel()->cares_channel(),
                     address_buffer,
                     length,
                     family,
                     QueryReverseWrap::Callback,
                     wrap->MakeCallbackPointer());
  return ARES_SUCCESS;
}

Maybe<int> ReverseTraits::Parse(QueryReverseWrap* wrap,
                                const std::unique_ptr<ResponseData>& response) {
  if (!response->is_host) [[unlikely]] {
    return Just<int>(ARES_EBADRESP);
  }
  struct hostent* host = response->host.get();

  Environment* env = wrap->env();
  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());
  Local<Array> names;
  if (!HostentToNames(env, host).ToLocal(&names)) {
    return Nothing<int>();
  }
  wrap->CallOnComplete(names);
  return Just<int>(ARES_SUCCESS);
}

namespace {
template <class Wrap>
static void Query(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  ChannelWrap* channel;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&channel, args.This());

  CHECK_EQ(false, args.IsConstructCall());
  CHECK(args[0]->IsObject());
  CHECK(args[1]->IsString());

  Local<Object> req_wrap_obj = args[0].As<Object>();
  Local<String> string = args[1].As<String>();
  auto wrap = std::make_unique<Wrap>(channel, req_wrap_obj);

  node::Utf8Value utf8name(args.GetIsolate(), string);
  auto plain_name = utf8name.ToStringView();
  std::string name = ada::idna::to_ascii(plain_name);

  // Ensure c-ares did not fall back to loopback resolver.
  channel->EnsureServers();

  channel->ModifyActivityQueryCount(1);
  int err = wrap->Send(name.c_str());
  if (err) {
    channel->ModifyActivityQueryCount(-1);
  } else {
    // Release ownership of the pointer allowing the ownership to be transferred
    USE(wrap.release());
  }

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(err);
}

void AfterGetAddrInfo(uv_getaddrinfo_t* req, int status, struct addrinfo* res) {
  auto cleanup = OnScopeLeave([&]() { uv_freeaddrinfo(res); });
  BaseObjectPtr<GetAddrInfoReqWrap> req_wrap{
      static_cast<GetAddrInfoReqWrap*>(req->data)};
  Environment* env = req_wrap->env();

  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Value> argv[] = {
    Integer::New(env->isolate(), status),
    Null(env->isolate())
  };

  uint32_t n = 0;
  const uint8_t order = req_wrap->order();

  if (status == 0) {
    Local<Array> results = Array::New(env->isolate());

    auto add = [&](bool want_ipv4, bool want_ipv6) -> Maybe<void> {
      for (auto p = res; p != nullptr; p = p->ai_next) {
        CHECK_EQ(p->ai_socktype, SOCK_STREAM);

        const char* addr;
        if (want_ipv4 && p->ai_family == AF_INET) {
          addr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(
              &(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in*>(p->ai_addr)->sin_addr));
        } else if (want_ipv6 && p->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
          addr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(
              &(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in6*>(p->ai_addr)->sin6_addr));
        } else {
          continue;
        }

        char ip[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
        if (uv_inet_ntop(p->ai_family, addr, ip, sizeof(ip)))
          continue;

        Local<String> s = OneByteString(env->isolate(), ip);
        if (results->Set(env->context(), n, s).IsNothing())
          return Nothing<void>();
        n++;
      }
      return JustVoid();
    };

    switch (order) {
      case DNS_ORDER_IPV4_FIRST:
        if (add(true, false).IsNothing() || add(false, true).IsNothing())
          return;

        break;
      case DNS_ORDER_IPV6_FIRST:
        if (add(false, true).IsNothing() || add(true, false).IsNothing())
          return;

        break;
      default:
        if (add(true, true).IsNothing()) return;

        break;
    }

    // No responses were found to return
    if (n == 0) {
      argv[0] = Integer::New(env->isolate(), UV_EAI_NODATA);
    }

    argv[1] = results;
  }

  TRACE_EVENT_NESTABLE_ASYNC_END2(TRACING_CATEGORY_NODE2(dns, native),
                                  "lookup",
                                  req_wrap.get(),
                                  "count",
                                  n,
                                  "order",
                                  order);

  // Make the callback into JavaScript
  req_wrap->MakeCallback(env->oncomplete_string(), arraysize(argv), argv);
}


void AfterGetNameInfo(uv_getnameinfo_t* req,
                      int status,
                      const char* hostname,
                      const char* service) {
  BaseObjectPtr<GetNameInfoReqWrap> req_wrap{
      static_cast<GetNameInfoReqWrap*>(req->data)};
  Environment* env = req_wrap->env();

  HandleScope handle_scope(env->isolate());
  Context::Scope context_scope(env->context());

  Local<Value> argv[] = {
    Integer::New(env->isolate(), status),
    Null(env->isolate()),
    Null(env->isolate())
  };

  if (status == 0) {
    // Success
    Local<String> js_hostname = OneByteString(env->isolate(), hostname);
    Local<String> js_service = OneByteString(env->isolate(), service);
    argv[1] = js_hostname;
    argv[2] = js_service;
  }

  TRACE_EVENT_NESTABLE_ASYNC_END2(
      TRACING_CATEGORY_NODE2(dns, native), "lookupService", req_wrap.get(),
      "hostname", TRACE_STR_COPY(hostname),
      "service", TRACE_STR_COPY(service));

  // Make the callback into JavaScript
  req_wrap->MakeCallback(env->oncomplete_string(), arraysize(argv), argv);
}

void CanonicalizeIP(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();
  node::Utf8Value ip(isolate, args[0]);

  int af;
  unsigned char result[sizeof(ares_addr_port_node::addr)];
  if (uv_inet_pton(af = AF_INET, *ip, result) != 0 &&
      uv_inet_pton(af = AF_INET6, *ip, result) != 0)
    return;

  char canonical_ip[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]{};
  CHECK_EQ(0, uv_inet_ntop(af, result, canonical_ip, sizeof(canonical_ip)));
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(OneByteString(isolate, canonical_ip));
}

void ConvertIpv6StringToBuffer(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();
  node::Utf8Value ip(isolate, args[0]);
  unsigned char dst[16];  // IPv6 addresses are 128 bits (16 bytes)

  if (uv_inet_pton(AF_INET6, *ip, dst) != 0) {
    isolate->ThrowException(Exception::Error(
        FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(isolate, "Invalid IPv6 address")));
    return;
  }

  Local<Object> buffer;
  if (node::Buffer::Copy(
          isolate, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(dst), sizeof(dst))
          .ToLocal(&buffer)) {
    args.GetReturnValue().Set(buffer);
  }
}

void GetAddrInfo(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  CHECK(args[0]->IsObject());
  CHECK(args[1]->IsString());
  CHECK(args[2]->IsInt32());
  CHECK(args[4]->IsUint32());
  Local<Object> req_wrap_obj = args[0].As<Object>();
  node::Utf8Value hostname(env->isolate(), args[1]);

  ERR_ACCESS_DENIED_IF_INSUFFICIENT_PERMISSIONS(
      env, permission::PermissionScope::kNet, hostname.ToStringView(), args);

  std::string ascii_hostname = ada::idna::to_ascii(hostname.ToStringView());

  int32_t flags = 0;
  if (args[3]->IsInt32()) {
    flags = args[3].As<Int32>()->Value();
  }

  int family;

  switch (args[2].As<Int32>()->Value()) {
    case 0:
      family = AF_UNSPEC;
      break;
    case 4:
      family = AF_INET;
      break;
    case 6:
      family = AF_INET6;
      break;
    default:
      UNREACHABLE("bad address family");
  }

  Local<Uint32> order = args[4].As<Uint32>();

  auto req_wrap =
      std::make_unique<GetAddrInfoReqWrap>(env, req_wrap_obj, order->Value());

  struct addrinfo hints;
  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
  hints.ai_family = family;
  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
  hints.ai_flags = flags;

  TRACE_EVENT_NESTABLE_ASYNC_BEGIN2(TRACING_CATEGORY_NODE2(dns, native),
                                    "lookup",
                                    req_wrap.get(),
                                    "hostname",
                                    TRACE_STR_COPY(ascii_hostname.data()),
                                    "family",
                                    family == AF_INET    ? "ipv4"
                                    : family == AF_INET6 ? "ipv6"
                                                         : "unspec");

  int err = req_wrap->Dispatch(
      uv_getaddrinfo, AfterGetAddrInfo, ascii_hostname.data(), nullptr, &hints);
  if (err == 0)
    // Release ownership of the pointer allowing the ownership to be transferred
    USE(req_wrap.release());

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(err);
}


void GetNameInfo(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);

  CHECK(args[0]->IsObject());
  CHECK(args[1]->IsString());
  CHECK(args[2]->IsUint32());
  Local<Object> req_wrap_obj = args[0].As<Object>();
  node::Utf8Value ip(env->isolate(), args[1]);
  const unsigned port = args[2]->Uint32Value(env->context()).FromJust();
  struct sockaddr_storage addr;

  CHECK(uv_ip4_addr(*ip, port, reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in*>(&addr)) == 0 ||
        uv_ip6_addr(*ip, port, reinterpret_cast<sockaddr_in6*>(&addr)) == 0);

  auto req_wrap = std::make_unique<GetNameInfoReqWrap>(env, req_wrap_obj);

  TRACE_EVENT_NESTABLE_ASYNC_BEGIN2(
      TRACING_CATEGORY_NODE2(dns, native), "lookupService", req_wrap.get(),
      "ip", TRACE_STR_COPY(*ip), "port", port);

  int err = 0;
  if (!env->permission()->is_granted(
          env, permission::PermissionScope::kNet, ip.ToStringView()))
      [[unlikely]] {
    req_wrap->InsufficientPermissionError(*ip);
  } else {
    err = req_wrap->Dispatch(uv_getnameinfo,
                             AfterGetNameInfo,
                             reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr*>(&addr),
                             NI_NAMEREQD);
  }

  if (err == 0)
    // Release ownership of the pointer allowing the ownership to be transferred
    USE(req_wrap.release());

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(err);
}


void GetServers(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  ChannelWrap* channel;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&channel, args.This());

  Local<Array> server_array = Array::New(env->isolate());

  char* csv = ares_get_servers_csv(channel->cares_channel());
  auto cleanup = OnScopeLeave([&]() { ares_free_string(csv); });
  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> servers = ParseServersCsv(csv);

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < servers.size(); i++) {
    Local<Value> ret[] = {
        OneByteString(env->isolate(), servers[i].first.c_str()),
        Integer::New(env->isolate(), servers[i].second)};

    if (server_array->Set(env->context(), i,
                          Array::New(env->isolate(), ret, arraysize(ret)))
          .IsNothing()) {
      return;
    }
  }

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(server_array);
}


void SetServers(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  ChannelWrap* channel;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&channel, args.This());

  if (channel->active_query_count()) {
    return args.GetReturnValue().Set(DNS_ESETSRVPENDING);
  }

  CHECK(args[0]->IsArray());

  Local<Array> arr = args[0].As<Array>();

  uint32_t len = arr->Length();

  // An empty list clears all configured servers. ares_set_servers_ports_csv()
  // treats an empty string as "blank all servers".
  std::string csv;

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    Local<Value> val;
    if (!arr->Get(env->context(), i).ToLocal(&val)) return;
    CHECK(val->IsArray());

    Local<Array> elm = val.As<Array>();

    Local<Value> familyValue;
    Local<Value> ipValue;
    Local<Value> portValue;

    if (!elm->Get(env->context(), 0).ToLocal(&familyValue)) return;
    if (!elm->Get(env->context(), 1).ToLocal(&ipValue)) return;
    if (!elm->Get(env->context(), 2).ToLocal(&portValue)) return;

    CHECK(familyValue->Int32Value(env->context()).FromJust());
    CHECK(ipValue->IsString());
    CHECK(portValue->Int32Value(env->context()).FromJust());

    int fam = familyValue->Int32Value(env->context()).FromJust();
    node::Utf8Value ip(env->isolate(), ipValue);
    int port = portValue->Int32Value(env->context()).FromJust();

    if (!csv.empty()) csv += ',';

    // Incoming CSV format expected by c-ares: host[:port][,host[:port]]...
    // IPv6 addresses must be wrapped in square brackets.
    switch (fam) {
      case 4:
        csv += *ip;
        break;
      case 6:
        csv += '[';
        csv += *ip;
        csv += ']';
        break;
      default:
        UNREACHABLE("Bad address family");
    }
    csv += ':';
    csv += std::to_string(port);
  }

  int err = ares_set_servers_ports_csv(channel->cares_channel(), csv.c_str());

  if (err == ARES_SUCCESS)
    channel->set_is_servers_default(false);

  args.GetReturnValue().Set(err);
}

void SetLocalAddress(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  ChannelWrap* channel;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&channel, args.This());

  CHECK_EQ(args.Length(), 2);
  CHECK(args[0]->IsString());

  Isolate* isolate = args.GetIsolate();
  node::Utf8Value ip0(isolate, args[0]);

  unsigned char addr0[sizeof(struct in6_addr)];
  unsigned char addr1[sizeof(struct in6_addr)];
  int type0 = 0;

  // This function accepts 2 arguments.  The first may be either an IPv4
  // address or an IPv6 address.  If present, the second argument must be the
  // other type of address.  Otherwise, the unspecified type of IP is set
  // to 0 (any).

  if (uv_inet_pton(AF_INET, *ip0, &addr0) == 0) {
    ares_set_local_ip4(channel->cares_channel(), nbytes::ReadUint32BE(addr0));
    type0 = 4;
  } else if (uv_inet_pton(AF_INET6, *ip0, &addr0) == 0) {
    ares_set_local_ip6(channel->cares_channel(), addr0);
    type0 = 6;
  } else {
    THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(env, "Invalid IP address.");
    return;
  }

  if (!args[1]->IsUndefined()) {
    CHECK(args[1]->IsString());
    node::Utf8Value ip1(isolate, args[1]);

    if (uv_inet_pton(AF_INET, *ip1, &addr1) == 0) {
      if (type0 == 4) {
        THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(env, "Cannot specify two IPv4 addresses.");
        return;
      } else {
        ares_set_local_ip4(channel->cares_channel(),
                           nbytes::ReadUint32BE(addr1));
      }
    } else if (uv_inet_pton(AF_INET6, *ip1, &addr1) == 0) {
      if (type0 == 6) {
        THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(env, "Cannot specify two IPv6 addresses.");
        return;
      } else {
        ares_set_local_ip6(channel->cares_channel(), addr1);
      }
    } else {
      THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_VALUE(env, "Invalid IP address.");
      return;
    }
  } else {
    // No second arg specified
    if (type0 == 4) {
      memset(&addr1, 0, sizeof(addr1));
      ares_set_local_ip6(channel->cares_channel(), addr1);
    } else {
      ares_set_local_ip4(channel->cares_channel(), 0);
    }
  }
}

void Cancel(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  ChannelWrap* channel;
  ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&channel, args.This());

  TRACE_EVENT_INSTANT0(TRACING_CATEGORY_NODE2(dns, native),
      "cancel", TRACE_EVENT_SCOPE_THREAD);

  ares_cancel(channel->cares_channel());
}

const char EMSG_ESETSRVPENDING[] = "There are pending queries.";
void StrError(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
  int code = args[0]->Int32Value(env->context()).FromJust();
  const char* errmsg = (code == DNS_ESETSRVPENDING) ?
    EMSG_ESETSRVPENDING :
    ares_strerror(code);
  args.GetReturnValue().Set(OneByteString(env->isolate(), errmsg));
}

}  // namespace

inline void safe_free_hostent(struct hostent* host) {
  int idx;

  if (host->h_addr_list != nullptr) {
    idx = 0;
    while (host->h_addr_list[idx]) {
      free(host->h_addr_list[idx++]);
    }
    free(host->h_addr_list);
    host->h_addr_list = nullptr;
  }

  if (host->h_aliases != nullptr) {
    idx = 0;
    while (host->h_aliases[idx]) {
      free(host->h_aliases[idx++]);
    }
    free(host->h_aliases);
    host->h_aliases = nullptr;
  }

  free(host->h_name);
  free(host);
}

void Initialize(Local<Object> target,
                Local<Value> unused,
                Local<Context> context,
                void* priv) {
  Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(context);
  Isolate* isolate = env->isolate();

  SetMethod(context, target, "getaddrinfo", GetAddrInfo);
  SetMethod(context, target, "getnameinfo", GetNameInfo);
  SetMethodNoSideEffect(context, target, "canonicalizeIP", CanonicalizeIP);
  SetMethodNoSideEffect(
      context, target, "convertIpv6StringToBuffer", ConvertIpv6StringToBuffer);

  SetMethod(context, target, "strerror", StrError);

  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, AF_INET);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, AF_INET6);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, AF_UNSPEC);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, AI_ADDRCONFIG);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, AI_ALL);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, AI_V4MAPPED);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, DNS_ORDER_VERBATIM);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, DNS_ORDER_IPV4_FIRST);
  NODE_DEFINE_CONSTANT(target, DNS_ORDER_IPV6_FIRST);

  Local<FunctionTemplate> aiw = AsyncWrap::MakeLazilyInitializedJSTemplate(env);
  SetConstructorFunction(context, target, "GetAddrInfoReqWrap", aiw);

  Local<FunctionTemplate> niw = AsyncWrap::MakeLazilyInitializedJSTemplate(env);
  SetConstructorFunction(context, target, "GetNameInfoReqWrap", niw);

  Local<FunctionTemplate> qrw = AsyncWrap::MakeLazilyInitializedJSTemplate(env);
  SetConstructorFunction(context, target, "QueryReqWrap", qrw);

  Local<FunctionTemplate> channel_wrap =
      NewFunctionTemplate(isolate, ChannelWrap::New);
  channel_wrap->InstanceTemplate()->SetInternalFieldCount(
      ChannelWrap::kInternalFieldCount);
  channel_wrap->Inherit(AsyncWrap::GetConstructorTemplate(env));

#define V(Name, _, JS)                                                         \
  SetProtoMethod(isolate, channel_wrap, #JS, Query<Query##Name##Wrap>);
  QUERY_TYPES(V)
#undef V

  SetProtoMethodNoSideEffect(isolate, channel_wrap, "getServers", GetServers);
  SetProtoMethod(isolate, channel_wrap, "setServers", SetServers);
  SetProtoMethod(isolate, channel_wrap, "setLocalAddress", SetLocalAddress);
  SetProtoMethod(isolate, channel_wrap, "cancel", Cancel);

  SetConstructorFunction(context, target, "ChannelWrap", channel_wrap);
}

void RegisterExternalReferences(ExternalReferenceRegistry* registry) {
  registry->Register(GetAddrInfo);
  registry->Register(GetNameInfo);
  registry->Register(CanonicalizeIP);
  registry->Register(ConvertIpv6StringToBuffer);
  registry->Register(StrError);
  registry->Register(ChannelWrap::New);

#define V(Name, _, __) registry->Register(Query<Query##Name##Wrap>);
  QUERY_TYPES(V)
#undef V

  registry->Register(GetServers);
  registry->Register(SetServers);
  registry->Register(SetLocalAddress);
  registry->Register(Cancel);
}

}  // namespace cares_wrap
}  // namespace node

NODE_BINDING_CONTEXT_AWARE_INTERNAL(cares_wrap, node::cares_wrap::Initialize)
NODE_BINDING_EXTERNAL_REFERENCE(cares_wrap,
                                node::cares_wrap::RegisterExternalReferences)