docs: update outdated http links to https in docs/rules

[daeun0726]

What is the purpose of this pull request?

Fix outdated/dead http:// links in docs/rules and update them to https://, using each link's actual current destination instead of just swapping the protocol.

What changes did you make? (Give an overview)

• docs/rules/no-unsupported-features/es-builtins.md, es-syntax.md, node-builtins.md: the "shared settings" link pointed to http://eslint.org/docs/user-guide/configuring.html#adding-shared-settings, which now 404s after eslint.org's docs restructure. Updated to the current page: https://eslint.org/docs/latest/use/configure/configuration-files#configuring-shared-settings.
• docs/rules/process-exit-as-throw.md: the consistent-return, no-fallthrough, and no-unreachable reference links used the old /docs/rules/... path, which now redirects to /docs/latest/rules/.... Updated to the final destination to avoid the unnecessary redirect.

I verified each link with curl -L before changing anything, and ran npm test locally — all checks pass.

Related Issues

N/A — no existing issue in this repository covers this; confirmed by searching both open and closed issues/PRs for "http", "https", and "link".

Is there anything you'd like reviewers to focus on?

Note: left a few other http:// occurrences untouched (author link in no-sync.js that now redirects elsewhere, and a test fixture string in no-missing-import.js) since they aren't real links to fix.

[aladdin-add]

LGTM, thanks!